State of Ohio Social Studies Standards

History

Heritage
Standard Number: 6.  
Relate stories of the heroism and the achievements of the people associated with state and federal holidays.

Grade: Gr. 2
History
Chronology
Standard Number: 1.  
Measure calendar time by days, weeks, months and years.

Standard Number: 2.  
List the days of the week and months of the year in order.

Standard Number: 3.  
Place a series of related events in chronological order on a time line.

Daily Life
Standard Number: 4.  
Use historical artifacts, photographs, biographies, maps, diaries and folklore to answer questions about daily life in the past.

Standard Number: 5.  
Identify the work that people performed to make a living in the past and explain how jobs in the past are similar and/or different from those of today.

Standard Number: 6.  
Identify and describe examples of how science and technology have changed the daily lives of people and compare
a.   forms of communication from the past and present
b.   forms of transportation from the past and present
   
Heritage
Standard Number: 7.  
Recognize the importance of individual action and character and explain how they have made a difference in othersí lives with emphasis on the importance of
a.   social and political leaders in the United States (e.g., George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Tecumseh, Harriet Tubman, Abraham Lincoln, Sojourner Truth, Susan B. Anthony and Martin Luther King Jr.)
b.   explorers, inventors and scientists (e.g., George Washington Carver, Thomas Edison, Charles Drew, Rachel Carson and Neil Armstrong)

Grade: Gr. 3
History
Chronology
Standard Number: 1.  
Define and measure time by years, decades and centuries.

Standard Number: 2.  
Place local historical events in sequential order on a time line.

Growth
Standard Number: 3.  
Describe changes in the community over time including changes in
a.   businesses
b.   architecture
c.   physical features
d.   employment
e.   education
f.   transportation
g.   technology
h.   religion
i.   recreation

Grade: Gr. 4
History
Chronology
Standard Number: 1.  
Construct time lines with evenly spaced intervals for years, decades and centuries to show the order of significant events in Ohio history.

Growth
Standard Number: 4.  
Explain how Ohio progressed from territory to statehood, including the terms of the Northwest Ordinance.

Standard Number: 5.  
Explain how canals and railroads changed settlement patterns in Ohio and Ohio's economic and political status in the United States.

Standard Number: 6.  
Explain the importance of inventors such as the Wright Brothers, Charles Kettering, Garrett Morgan, Granville Woods and Thomas Edison.

Settlement
Standard Number: 2.  
Describe the earliest settlements in Ohio including those of prehistoric peoples.

Standard Number: 3.  
Explain the causes and effects of the frontier wars of the 1790s, including the Battle of Fallen Timbers, on American Indians in Ohio and the United States.

Grade: Gr. 5
History
Chronology
Standard Number: 1.  
Create time lines and identify possible relationships between events.

Growth
Standard Number: 6.  
Explain the impact of settlement, industrialization and transportation on the expansion of the United States.

Settlement
Standard Number: 2.  
Explain how American Indians settled the continent and why different nations of Indians interacted with their environment in different ways.

Standard Number: 3.  
Explain why European countries explored and colonized North America.

Standard Number: 4.  
Describe the lasting effects of Spanish, French and English colonization in North America including cultural patterns evident today such as language, food, traditions and architecture.

Standard Number: 5.  
Explain how the United States became independent from Great Britain.

Grade: Gr. 6
History
Chronology
Standard Number: 1.  
Construct a multiple-tier time line from a list of events and interpret the relationships between the events.

Standard Number: 2.  
Arrange dates in order on a time line using the conventions of BC and AD or BCE and CE.

Early Civilizations
Standard Number: 3.  
Describe the early cultural development of humankind from the Paleolithic Era to the revolution of agriculture including
a.   hunting and gathering
b.   tool making
c.   use of fire
d.   domestication of plants and animals
e.   organizing societies
f.   governance

Standard Number: 4.  
Compare the geographic, political, economic and social characteristics of the river civilizations in the Tigris and Euphrates (Mesopotamia), Nile (Egypt), Huang Ho and Indus valleys before 1000 BC including
a.   location
b.   government
c.   religion
d.   agriculture
e.   cultural and scientific contributions
   
The First Global Age
Standard Number: 5.  
Describe the characteristics of Maya, Inca, Aztec and Mississippian civilizations including
a.   location
b.   government
c.   religion
d.   agriculture
e.   cultural and scientific contributions

Grade: Gr. 7
History
Chronology
Standard Number: 1.  
Group events by broadly defined historical eras and enter onto multiple-tier time lines.

Early Civilizations
Standard Number: 2.  
Describe the enduring impact of early civilizations in India, China, Egypt, Greece and Rome after 1000 BC including
a.   the development of concepts of government and citizenship
b.   scientific and cultural advancements
c.   the spread of religions
d.   slavery and systems of labor
   
Feudalism and Transitions
Standard Number: 3.  
Describe the conditions that gave rise to feudalism, as well as political, economic and social characteristics of feudalism, in Asia and Europe

Standard Number: 4.  
Explain the lasting effects of military conquests during the Middle Ages including
a.   Muslim conquests
b.   the Crusades
c.   the Mongol invasions

Standard Number: 5.  
Describe the impact of new ideas and institutions on European life including
a.   the significance of printing with movable type
b.   major achievements in art, architecture and literature during the Renaissance
c.   the Reformation
   
The First Global Age
Standard Number: 6.  
Describe the importance of the West African empires of Ghana, Mali and Songhay including
a.   trade routes
b.   products
c.   spread of Arabic language
d.   spread of Islam
   
Standard Number: 7.  
Describe the causes and effects of European exploration after 1400 including
a.   imperialism, colonialism and mercantilism
b.   impact on the peoples of sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and the Americas

Grade: Gr. 8
History
A New Nation
Standard Number: 5.  
Explain major domestic problems faced by the leaders of the new republic under the Articles of Confederation including
a.   maintaining national security
b.   creating a stable economic system
c.   dealing with war debts
d.   collecting revenue
e.   defining the authority of the central government
   
Standard Number: 6.  
Explain the challenges in writing and ratifying the United States Constitution including
a.   issues debated during the convention resulting in compromises, (i.e., the Great Compromise, the Three-Fifths Compromise and the compromise over the slave trade)
b.   the Federalist/Anti-Federalist debate
c.   the debate over a Bill of Rights
   
Standard Number: 7.  
Describe the actions taken to build one country from 13 states including
a.   the precedents established by George Washington, including the cabinet and a two-term presidency
b.   Alexander Hamiltonís actions to create a financially strong country, including the creation of a national bank
c.   the establishment of an independent federal court system

Chronology
Standard Number: 1.  
Select events and construct a multiple-tier time line to show relatinships among events.

Civil War and Reconstruction
Standard Number: 8.  
Describe and analyze the territorial expansion of the United States including
a.   Northwest Ordinance
b.   the Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis and Clark expedition
c.   westward movement including Manifest Destiny
d.   the Texas War for Independence and the Mexican-American War
   
Standard Number: 9.  
Explain causes of the Civil War with emphasis on
a.   slavery
b.   statesí rights
c.   the different economies of the North and South
d.   the extension of slavery into the territories, including the Dred Scott Decision and the Kansas-Nebraska Act
e.   the abolitionist movement and the roles of Frederick Douglass and John Brown
f.   the addition of new states to the Union and their impact on the balance of power in the Senate, including the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850
g.   the emergence of Abraham Lincoln as a national figure in the Lincoln- Douglas debates, the presidential election of 1860 and the Southís secession
   
Standard Number: 10.  
Explain the course and consequences of the Civil War with emphasis on
a.   contributions of key individuals, including Abraham Lincoln, Robert E. Lee and Ulysses S. Grant
b.   the Emancipation Proclamation
c.   the Battle of Gettysburg
   
Standard Number: 11.  
Analyze the consequences of Reconstruction with emphasis on
a.   President Lincolnís assassination and the ensuing struggle for control of Reconstruction, including the impeachment of President Andrew Johnson
b.   attempts to protect the rights of and enhance opportunities for the freedmen, including the basic provisions of the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments to the United States Constitution
c.   the Ku Klux Klan and the enactment of black codes
   
Revolution
Standard Number: 3.  
Identify and explain the sources of conflict which led to the American Revolution, with emphasis on the perspectives of the Patriots, Loyalists, neutral colonists and the British concerning
a.   the Proclamation of 1763, the Stamp Act, the Townshend Acts, the Tea Act and the Intolerable Acts
b.   the Boston Tea Party, the boycotts, the Sons of Liberty and petitions and appeals to Parliament
   
Standard Number: 4.  
Explain the results of important developments of the American Revolution including
a.   a declaration of American independence
b.   character and significance of the military struggle in the North in the early years of the war and the shift of the battle to the South after 1779
c.   creation of state constitutions
d.   impacts on women, African-Americans and American Indians
   
The First Global Age
Standard Number: 2.  
Describe the political, religious and economic aspects of North American colonization including
a.   reasons for colonization, including religion, desires for land and economic opportunity
b.   key differences among the Spanish, French and British colonies
c.   interactions between American Indians and European settlers, including the agricultural and cultural exchanges, alliances and conflicts
d.   indentured servitude and the introduction and institutionalization of slavery
e.   early representative governments and democratic practices that emerged, including town meetings and colonial assemblies
f.   conflicts among colonial powers for control of North America

Grade: Gr. 9
History
20th Century Conflict
Standard Number: 7.  
Analyze the causes and effects of World War I with emphasis on
a.   militarism, imperialism, nationalism and alliances
b.   the global scope, outcomes and human costs of the war
c.   the role of new technologies and practices including the use of poison gas, trench warfare, machine guns, airplanes, submarines and tanks
d.   the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations

Standard Number: 8.  
Analyze the causes and consequences of the Russian Revolution including
a.   the lack of economic, political and social reforms under the tsars
b.   the impact of World War I
c.   the emergence of Lenin, Stalin and the Bolsheviks
d.   the rise of communism in Russia

Standard Number: 9.  
Assess the global impact of post-World War I economic, social and political turmoil including
a.   disarmament
b.   worldwide depression
c.   colonial rebellion
d.   rise of militarist and totalitarian states in Europe and Asia

Standard Number: 10.  
Analyze the causes of World War II including
a.   appeasement
b.   Axis expansion
c.   the role of the Allies
   
Standard Number: 11.  
Analyze the consequences of World War II including
a.   atomic weapons
b.   civilian and military losses
c.   the Holocaust and its impact
d.   refugees and poverty
e.   the United Nations
f.   the establishment of the state of Israel
   
Standard Number: 12.  
Analyze the impact of conflicting political and economic ideologies after World War II that resulted in the Cold War including
a.   Soviet expansion in Eastern Europe
b.   the division of Germany
c.   the emergence of NATO and the Warsaw Pact
d.   the Chinese Communist Revolution

Standard Number: 13.  
Examine social, economic and political struggles resulting from colonialism and imperialism including
a.   independence movements in India, Indochina and Africa
b.   rise of dictatorships in former colonies

Standard Number: 14.  
Explain the causes and consequences of the fall of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War including
a.   the arms build-up
b.   ethnic unrest in the Soviet Union
c.   independence movements in former Soviet satellites
d.   global decline of communism

Standard Number: 15.  
Examine regional and ethnic conflict in the post-Cold War era including
a.   persistent conflict in the Middle East
b.   ethnic strife in Europe, Africa and Asia

Enlightenment Ideas
Standard Number: 1.  
Explain how Enlightenment ideas produced enduring effects on political, economic and cultural institutions, including challenges to religious authority, monarchy and absolutism.

Standard Number: 2.  
Explain connections among Enlightenment ideas, the American Revolution, the French Revolution and Latin American wars for independence.

Imperialism
Standard Number: 4.  
Describe the political, economic and social roots of imperialism.

Standard Number: 5.  
Analyze the perspectives of the colonizers and the colonized concerning
a.   indigenous language
b.   natural resources
c.   labor
d.   political systems
e.   religion

Standard Number: 6.  
Explain the global impact of imperialism including
a.   modernization of Japan
b.   political and social reform in China
c.   exploitation of African resources

Industrialization
Standard Number: 3.  
Explain the causes and effects of the Industrial Revolution with emphasis on
a.   how scientific and technological changes promoted industrialization in the textile industry in England
b.   the impact of the growth of population, rural-to-urban migrations, growth of industrial cities and emigration out of Europe c.   the changing role of labor and the rise of the union movement
d.   changes in living and working conditions for the early industrial working class, especially women and children
e.   the growth of industrialization around the world

Grade: Gr. 10
History
20th Century Conflict
Standard Number: 6.  
Trace the development of the United States as a world power with emphasis on
a.   the decision to enter into World War I
b.   President Wilsonís Fourteen Points
c.   the Treaty of Versailles
d.   the decision of the United States not to participate in the League of Nations

Standard Number: 7.  
Analyze the impact of United States participation in World War II, with emphasis on the change from isolationism to international involvement including the reaction to the attack on Pearl Harbor.

Standard Number: 8.  
Explain how the Cold War and related conflicts influenced United States foreign policy after 1945 with emphasis on
a.   the Marshall Plan
b.   communist containment, including the Truman Doctrine, Berlin Blockade and Cuban Missile Crisis
c.   the Korean War and the Vietnam War
   
Imperialism
Standard Number: 5.  
Trace the development of the United States as a world power with emphasis on
a.   the Spanish-American War
b.   United States imperialism in the Far East, South Pacific, Caribbean and Central America
   
Industrialization
Standard Number: 1.  
Explain the effects of industrialization in the United States in the 19th century including
a.   changes in work and the workplace
b.   immigration and child labor and their impact on the labor force
c.   modernization of agriculture
d.   urbanization
e.   the emergence of a middle class and its impact on leisure, art, music, literature and other aspects of culture

Standard Number: 2.  
Analyze the impact of industrialization and the modern corporation in the United States on economic and political practices with emphasis on
a.   laissez-faire policies
b.   monopolies
c.   standard of living

Standard Number: 3.  
Analyze the reasons for the rise and growth of labor organizations in the United States (i.e., Knights of Labor, American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations) including
a.   unregulated working conditions
b.   laissez-faire policies toward big business
c.   violence toward supporters of organized labor

Standard Number: 4.  
Explain the goals and outcomes of the late 19th and early 20th century reform movements of Populism and Progressivism with emphasis on
a.   urban reforms
b.   conservation
c.   business regulation and antitrust legislation
d.   the movement for public schooling
e.   the regulation of child labor
   
The United States in the 20th Century
Standard Number: 9.  
Analyze the major political, economic and social developments of the 1920s including
a.   the Red Scare
b.   womenís right to vote
c.   African-American migrations from the South to the North
d.   immigration restrictions, nativism, race riots and the reemergence of the Ku Klux Klan
e.   the Roaring Twenties and the Harlem Renaissance
f.   stock market speculation and the stock market crash of 1929
   
Standard Number: 10.  
Analyze the causes and consequences of major political, economic and social developments of the 1930s with emphasis on
a.   the Great Depression
b.   the Dust Bowl
c.   the New Deal
   
Standard Number: 11.  
Analyze the impact of United States participation in World War II with emphasis on
a.   events on the home front to support the war effort, including industrial mobilization, women and minorities in the workforce
b.   the internment of Japanese-Americans
   
Standard Number: 12.  
Explain major domestic developments after 1945 with emphasis on
a.   postwar prosperity in the United States
b.   McCarthyism
c.   the space race
d.   immigration patterns

Standard Number: 13.  
Trace social unrest, protest and change in the United States including
a.   antiwar protest during the Vietnam War
b.   the counterculture movement
c.   the womenís liberation movement

Standard Number: 14.  
Analyze the origins, major developments, controversies and consequences of the civil rights movement with emphasis on
a.   Brown v. Board of Education
b.   changes in goals and tactics of leading civil rights advocates and organizations
c.   the linkages between the civil rights movement and movements to gain justice for other minority groups

Grade: Gr. 11
History
Analysis and Interpretation
Standard Number: 1.  
Evaluate the limitations and the opportunities that result from decisions made in the past including
a.   Electoral College
b.   direct election of senators
c.   income tax
d.   length of terms of elected and appointed officials

Standard Number: 2.  
Trace key Supreme Court decisions related to a provision of the Constitution (e.g., cases related to reapportionment of legislative districts, free speech or separation of church and state).

Grade: Gr. 12
History
Analysis and Interpretation
Standard Number: 1.  
Challenge arguments of historical inevitability by giving examples of how different choices could have led to different consequences (e.g., choices made during the Civil War, choices relating to immigration policy or choices made during the Cuban Missile Crisis).

Standard Number: 2.  
Analyze primary source material to see if a historical interpretation is supported.

Standard Number: 3.  
Analyze cause-and-effect relationships and multiple causation including the influence of ideas, the role of chance and individual and collective action.